hormoneInjectablePrescription only (US)Rapid-acting insulin analogs (aspart, lispro, glulisine) are FDA-approved prescription medicines for diabetes managementNot a controlled substance in the US, but sale and use outside a prescribed diabetes care plan is inappropriate given hypoglycemia risk
Insulin (Rapid)Benefits, Dosage & Interactions
Also known as: Novolog, Humalog
Rapid-acting insulin is a type of insulin designed to mimic the body's natural insulin response to food, providing quick blood sugar control. It has a fast onset of action, typically within 15-30 minutes, peaks in about 30-90 minutes, and generally lasts for 3-5 hours.
Researched by DoseRoutine R&D TeamReviewed for accuracy by Nicholas Alexander, RSELast updated
Evidence: Strong — 2 human randomized trials and regulatory approval on file.
Evidence strengthStrong · 4/4
PreclinicalStrong human evidence
2 human randomized trials and regulatory approval on file.
Plasma half-life
1–1.3 h
Typical timing
with meal
Food rule
with food
Default unit
iu
What published protocols report
Ranges documented in the literature, shown for reference. DoseRoutine does not recommend an amount — your prescriber or the product label sets the dose.
- Reported amounts
- Trial doses varied by design: a euglycemic-clamp comparison used a fixed 0.3 U/kg subcutaneous dose (source 2) or a 0.8 mU/kg/min intravenous infusion (source 3); the hospitalized type 2 diabetes trial individualized mealtime doses per patient and titrated the total daily dose to glycemic targets (source 4)[1][2][3][4]
Reported for Insulin (Rapid) in the cited sources. Published ranges are not dosing advice.
References & evidence
Documents the Insulin (Rapid) entry is written from. Each number matches an inline marker above.
- [1]Insulin aspart: a new rapid-acting insulin analogSetter SM, Corbett CF, Campbell RK, White JR · The Annals of Pharmacotherapy · 2000 · Peer-reviewed · PMID 11144701
- [2]Insulin aspart in a 30/70 premixed formulation. Pharmacodynamic properties of a rapid-acting insulin analog in stable mixtureWeyer C, Heise T, Heinemann L · Diabetes Care · 1997 · Peer-reviewed · PMID 9314644
- [3]A comparison of the steady-state pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a novel rapid-acting insulin analog, insulin glulisine, and regular human insulin in healthy volunteers using the euglycemic clamp techniqueBecker RH, Frick AD, Burger F, Scholtz H, Potgieter JH · Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes · 2005 · Peer-reviewed · PMID 15926116
- [4]Mealtime dosing of a rapid-acting insulin analog reduces glucose variability and suppresses daytime cardiac sympathetic activity: a randomized controlled study in hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetesKanamori T, Takeshita Y, Isobe Y, Kato KI, Misu H, Kaneko S, Takamura T · BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care · 2018 · Peer-reviewed · PMID 30487974
How to track Insulin (Rapid) doses
Insulin (Rapid) is tracked as a protocol rather than a single reminder: a vial with a concentration, a schedule that may be titrated or cycled, and a rotation of injection sites. Here is the record that keeps all three consistent.
- 1
Record the vial and concentration
Log the vial strength and the volume of bacteriostatic water you added so Insulin (Rapid) is stored as a concentration rather than a guess. DoseRoutine converts that into iu per syringe unit and counts the doses left in the vial as you log.
- 2
Set the schedule, not just a reminder
Enter the dose in iu and the frequency (typical timing: with_meal). Cycled protocols get a start and end date so the history stays accurate when Insulin (Rapid) comes out of the routine.
- 3
Rotate and log the injection site
Pick the site at the moment you log the dose. The site map shows what you used last and how recently, which is the part that drifts fastest when two compounds run on different frequencies.
- 4
Log adherence, not intentions
Mark each dose taken, skipped or delayed as it happens. Weeks of honest logs are what make an adherence rate or a trend line meaningful; retrospective guessing is not.
- 5
Review against outcomes
With a reported half-life around 1 h, effects and timing shifts show up over days rather than instantly. Review Insulin (Rapid) alongside your logged metrics and any relevant blood work every few weeks before changing the dose.
What to log each time
- Dose in iu and the syringe units it worked out to
- Vial: reconstitution date, concentration, doses remaining
- Injection site and time
- Any side effects in the 24 h after the dose
References & Evidence
Sources on this page that document Insulin (Rapid) dosing, timing and safety.
- [1]National Center for Biotechnology Information View source
Educational information only — not medical advice. Dose ranges vary by person, indication and prescriber.
What is Insulin (Rapid) studied for?
What is Insulin (Rapid)?Sources for this section: Jumps to this entry in the sources and references list at the end of the page.
Rapid-acting insulin is a type of insulin designed to mimic the body's natural insulin response to food, providing quick blood sugar control. It has a fast onset of action, typically within 15-30 minutes, peaks in about 30-90 minutes, and generally lasts for 3-5 hours. This makes it suitable for use at mealtime to cover the carbohydrate intake and manage the post-meal rise in blood glucose.
Rapid-acting insulins are genetically engineered human insulins that have been modified to absorb more quickly from the injection site into the bloodstream. Common examples include insulin aspart (Novolog) and insulin lispro (Humalog). They are essential in the management of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, often used in conjunction with longer-acting insulins or oral medications. Given its rapid action, precise timing relative to meals is crucial for effectiveness and to minimize the risk of hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), which is a primary concern with all insulins.
Patients using rapid-acting insulin must receive personalized dosing instructions and training from a licensed healthcare professional, as dosages vary significantly based on individual metabolic needs, carbohydrate intake, and blood sugar levels. Administration is typically via subcutaneous injection, using syringes, pens, or insulin pumps.
What does the research say about Insulin (Rapid)?
Tap a section to expand.
Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that plays a central role in regulating metabolism. Its primary function is to facilitate the uptake of glucose (sugar) from the blood into cells, where it can be used for energy or stored for later use. When we eat, particularly carbohydrates, blood glucose levels rise. In response, the pancreas normally releases insulin into the bloodstream.
Rapid-acting insulin works by binding to insulin receptors on cell membranes, primarily on muscle, fat, and liver cells. This binding initiates a cascade of intracellular events that lead to the insertion of glucose transporters (GLUT4 in muscle and fat cells) into the cell membrane. These transporters allow glucose to move from the blood into the cells. Insulin also stimulates the liver to convert glucose into glycogen for storage (glycogenesis) and inhibits the production of glucose by the liver (gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis).
In addition to glucose metabolism, insulin also influences fat and protein metabolism. It promotes the synthesis of fatty acids and triglycerides in the liver and adipose tissue and inhibits their breakdown (lipolysis). It also encourages amino acid uptake into cells and protein synthesis, while inhibiting protein breakdown. The 'rapid-acting' characteristic is achieved through modifications to the insulin molecule that prevent it from forming hexamers (six-molecule complexes) at the injection site. Instead, it dissociates quickly into monomers (single molecules) which are absorbed much faster into the bloodstream, leading to a quicker onset and shorter duration of action compared to regular human insulin. (Source: DrugBank, NIH ODS)
Source for this section: Sources for How does Insulin (Rapid) work?: Jumps to this entry in the sources and references list at the end of the page.
The primary benefit of rapid-acting insulin is its ability to provide flexible and timely control over blood glucose levels, particularly after meals. This contributes to better overall glycemic control and helps prevent hyperglycemia (high blood sugar), which, if left unmanaged, can lead to serious long-term complications of diabetes such such as nerve damage (neuropathy), kidney disease (nephropathy), eye damage (retinopathy), and cardiovascular disease.
Specific benefits include:
* **Post-meal Glucose Control:** Rapid-acting insulin offers effective coverage for carbohydrate intake, blunting the post-meal rise in blood sugar more efficiently than slower-acting insulins, thus reducing glucose excursions. (Source: MedlinePlus)
* **Flexibility in Eating:** Its quick action allows individuals to inject closer to mealtime (or even after eating, in some cases, as directed by a clinician), offering greater flexibility regarding meal timing and portion sizes compared to older insulin formulations.
* **Reduced Risk of Hypoglycemia Before Next Meal:** Due to its shorter duration of action, rapid-acting insulin helps to reduce the risk of insulin stacking and subsequent hypoglycemia prior to the next meal or overnight.
* **Improved HbA1c:** By providing better post-meal control, rapid-acting insulin contributes significantly to achieving target HbA1c levels, which is a key indicator of long-term blood sugar management.
* **Insulin Pump Compatibility:** Rapid-acting insulins are the standard choice for continuous insulin infusion via insulin pumps, allowing for precise and continuous basal and bolus insulin delivery tailored to individual needs.
This is educational information, not medical advice - consult a qualified clinician before starting, stopping or combining any compound.
Numerous clinical trials and observational studies have established the efficacy and safety of rapid-acting insulins in managing type 1 and type 2 diabetes. A Cochrane review comparing rapid-acting insulin analogs with human regular insulin in type 1 diabetes found that analogs resulted in a statistically significant reduction in HbA1c and a reduced risk of severe hypoglycemia. (Source: Cochrane)
Studies cited by the FDA in approval documents for rapid-acting insulin analogs demonstrate that these insulins effectively lower postprandial glucose levels and improve overall glycemic control. For instance, in trials, insulin aspart and insulin lispro consistently showed a quicker onset and earlier peak action compared to regular human insulin, translating to better control of post-meal blood sugar. (Source: FDA label)
Long-term studies have also supported the role of rapid-acting insulin in reducing the risk of microvascular complications (neuropathy, nephropathy, retinopathy) associated with diabetes due to improved glycemic control. While studies often focus on HbA1c as a primary outcome, the ability to control post-meal excursions is a critical component of achieving these overall glycemic targets. (Source: NIH ODS)
Like all insulins, rapid-acting insulin carries the risk of side effects, primarily related to its blood sugar-lowering action:
* **Hypoglycemia (Low Blood Sugar):** This is the most common and serious side effect. Symptoms can include shakiness, sweating, confusion, dizziness, hunger, rapid heartbeat, and in severe cases, seizures, unconsciousness, or coma. Patients must be educated on recognizing and treating hypoglycemia. (Source: MedlinePlus)
* **Injection Site Reactions:** Redness, swelling, itching, or pain at the injection site are common but usually mild and temporary.
* **Lipoatrophy or Lipohypertrophy:** Repeated injections in the same area can lead to fat atrophy (indentations) or hypertrophy (lumps) under the skin. Rotating injection sites helps prevent this. (Source: Mayo Clinic)
* **Weight Gain:** Insulin can promote the storage of glucose as fat, leading to weight gain in some individuals.
* **Allergic Reactions:** Rare, but can include rash, hives, difficulty breathing, or swelling of the face, lips, or tongue. Seek immediate medical attention if these occur. (Source: FDA label)
* **Fluid Retention/Edema:** In some cases, insulin therapy can lead to temporary fluid retention, especially at the start of treatment.
* **Hypokalemia (Low Potassium Levels):** Insulin can cause a shift of potassium from outside to inside cells, potentially leading to low blood potassium levels, especially in susceptible individuals. (Source: NIH ODS)
This is educational information, not medical advice - consult a qualified clinician before starting, stopping or combining any compound.
Several important warnings are associated with the use of rapid-acting insulin:
* **Hypoglycemia Risk:** Rapid-acting insulin carries a significant risk of hypoglycemia, especially if the dose is too high for the amount of food consumed, if meals are delayed, or if there is increased physical activity without dose adjustment. Patients must be trained to recognize and treat symptoms of hypoglycemia and carry a fast-acting source of glucose. (Source: MedlinePlus)
* **Hypokalemia:** Insulin can cause a shift of potassium from extracellular to intracellular space, potentially leading to hypokalemia. This risk is greater in patients also taking potassium-lowering medications or who have impaired renal function. (Source: EMA SmPC)
* **Medication Errors:** Care must be taken to ensure the correct insulin product is being used (e.g., distinguishing rapid-acting from long-acting insulin) and that the correct dose is drawn and administered. Patients should always verify the insulin type before injection. (Source: FDA label)
* **Need for Prescriber Supervision:** Insulin is a controlled medication and requires careful titration and ongoing supervision by a licensed clinician. Self-adjustment of doses without professional guidance can be dangerous.
* **Sharing Pens/Syringes:** Insulin pens and syringes are for single-patient use only to prevent the transmission of blood-borne pathogens.
* **Impaired Renal or Hepatic Function:** Insulin requirements may change in patients with kidney or liver impairment, necessitating careful dose adjustments and close monitoring.
* **Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) and Thiazolidinediones:** Co-administration of insulin with thiazolidinediones (e.g., pioglitazone, rosiglitazone) can lead to fluid retention, potentially exacerbating or precipitating heart failure. Close monitoring for signs and symptoms of heart failure is recommended. (Source: FDA label)
This is educational information, not medical advice - consult a qualified clinician before starting, stopping or combining any compound.
Rapid-acting insulin is contraindicated in:
* **Episodes of Hypoglycemia:** It should not be administered during an episode of hypoglycemia, as this would further lower blood sugar and can be dangerous. Treatment of existing hypoglycemia should occur first.
* **Hypersensitivity:** Individuals with a known allergy or hypersensitivity to the active ingredient (insulin aspart, insulin lispro, or insulin glulisine, depending on the specific product) or to any of the excipients in the formulation should not use rapid-acting insulin. (Source: FDA label, EMA SmPC)
This is educational information, not medical advice - consult a qualified clinician before starting, stopping or combining any compound.
Due to potential interactions and altered pharmacokinetics, rapid-acting insulin should be used with caution, or doses adjusted, when combined with certain medications:
* **Drugs that may increase the blood glucose lowering effect (increased risk of hypoglycemia):** These include oral antidiabetic agents, pramlintide, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), disopyramide, fibrates, fluoxetine, monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), propoxyphene, salicylates (e.g., aspirin), somatostatin analogs (e.g., octreotide), and sulfonamide antibiotics. (Source: DrugBank, FDA label)
* **Drugs that may decrease the blood glucose lowering effect (increased risk of hyperglycemia):** These include atypical antipsychotics (e.g., olanzapine, clozapine), corticosteroids, danazol, diuretics, estrogens, progestogens (e.g., in oral contraceptives), glucagon, isoniazid, niacin, phenothiazine derivatives, somatropin, sympathomimetics (e.g., epinephrine, salbutamol, terbutaline), and thyroid hormones. (Source: DrugBank, FDA label)
* **Beta-blockers:** These drugs can mask the symptoms of hypoglycemia (e.g., shakiness, rapid heartbeat), making it harder for individuals to recognize dangerously low blood sugar levels. They can also delay recovery from hypoglycemia. (Source: MedlinePlus)
* **Alcohol:** Alcohol can potentiate the blood glucose-lowering effect of insulin, leading to an increased risk of hypoglycemia, especially if consumed on an empty stomach. It can also impair judgment, making it harder to manage diabetes effectively.
* **Insulin with Thiazolidinediones (TZDs):** As mentioned in warnings, co-administration can lead to fluid retention and heart failure, requiring close monitoring. (Source: FDA label)
This is educational information, not medical advice - consult a qualified clinician before starting, stopping or combining any compound.
Rapid-acting insulin is typically administered just before or at the start of a meal. The exact timing can vary slightly depending on the specific product and individual response, but generally, it is taken 5-15 minutes before eating. In some situations, a healthcare professional may instruct administration immediately after a meal, especially for individuals whose post-meal glucose rise is delayed, or for young children when predicting food intake is challenging. The goal is to ensure the insulin's peak action coincides with the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates from the meal, thus effectively controlling the post-meal blood sugar spike.
For individuals using an insulin pump, rapid-acting insulin is continuously infused as a basal rate, and boluses are administered manually or automatically before meals. The dose of rapid-acting insulin is highly individualized and determined by a licensed clinician based on current blood glucose levels, anticipated carbohydrate intake, activity levels, and other physiological factors. Consistent meal timing and carbohydrate counting are often essential for optimal use of rapid-acting insulin.
This is educational information, not medical advice - consult a qualified clinician before starting, stopping or combining any compound.
Source for this section: Sources for When should you take Insulin (Rapid)?: Jumps to this entry in the sources and references list at the end of the page.
What interacts with Insulin (Rapid)?
| Interacts with | Severity | Type | What happens | What to do |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Any peptide + hormone | Note | Category ruleConfidence: theoretical | Injectable peptides plus hormones can have overlapping or compounding effects that aren't always well characterized.Source pending | Track bloodwork with a provider; don't assume combinations are neutral. |
| Dulaglutide | Caution | Compound pairConfidence: theoretical | Combining a GLP-1 with rapid insulin increases hypoglycemia risk.Source pending | Reduce mealtime insulin at GLP-1 initiation; monitor glucose closely. |
| Semaglutide | Caution | Compound pairConfidence: theoretical | Combining a GLP-1 with rapid insulin increases hypoglycemia risk.Source pending | Reduce mealtime insulin at GLP-1 initiation; monitor glucose closely. |
| Tirzepatide | Caution | Compound pairConfidence: theoretical | Combining a GLP-1 with rapid insulin increases hypoglycemia risk.Source pending | Reduce mealtime insulin at GLP-1 initiation; monitor glucose closely. |
| Retatrutide | Caution | Compound pairConfidence: theoretical | Combining a GLP-1 with rapid insulin increases hypoglycemia risk.Source pending | Reduce mealtime insulin at GLP-1 initiation; monitor glucose closely. |
| Liraglutide | Caution | Compound pairConfidence: theoretical | Combining a GLP-1 with rapid insulin increases hypoglycemia risk.Source pending | Reduce mealtime insulin at GLP-1 initiation; monitor glucose closely. |
| Exenatide | Caution | Compound pairConfidence: theoretical | Combining a GLP-1 with rapid insulin increases hypoglycemia risk.Source pending | Reduce mealtime insulin at GLP-1 initiation; monitor glucose closely. |
| Survodutide | Caution | Compound pairConfidence: theoretical | Combining a GLP-1 with rapid insulin increases hypoglycemia risk.Source pending | Reduce mealtime insulin at GLP-1 initiation; monitor glucose closely. |
Frequently asked questions about Insulin (Rapid)
Insulin (Rapid) is a hormone. It is also known as Novolog and Humalog. The references summarized come from NIH and PubMed records, FDA labeling where it exists, and Mayo Clinic patient material.
Insulin (Rapid) is commonly discussed in the context of supporting blood-sugar. Individual response varies, and use should be reviewed with a licensed clinician who can weigh the benefits and risks for your situation.
For Insulin (Rapid), it is typically administered by injection, it is typically taken with a meal, it is usually taken with food, and its approximate half-life is 1 hours, which influences dosing frequency. Always follow the specific dose your clinician or the product label prescribes.
Insulin (Rapid) carries potential side effects and drug interactions, documented in NIH, Mayo Clinic, and FDA label sources. Insulin (Rapid) is classified as a controlled substance in some jurisdictions, so legal status and prescribing rules apply. Stop use and contact a clinician if you experience unexpected symptoms.
As a hormone, Insulin (Rapid) can overlap with other supplements, prescription medicines, hormones and peptides. Because Insulin (Rapid) is usually taken with a meal, most avoidable conflicts come from what else lands in that same window. With a reported plasma half-life near 1 hours, separating doses can change the picture as much as removing one. Risk depends on dose, timing and what else is taken the same day, so each pairing has to be checked rather than assumed safe. The free checker at https://doseroutine.com/interaction-checker covers Insulin (Rapid) with no sign-up.
Whether Insulin (Rapid) fits alongside testosterone replacement therapy depends on the protocol — dose, ester and ancillaries such as HCG or anastrozole — and on current bloodwork. No general contraindication applies across every TRT protocol, so confirm the combination with the prescribing clinician. See the free TRT interaction reference: https://doseroutine.com/trt-supplement-interactions
"Peptides" is not one category — healing peptides, GLP-1 agonists, growth-hormone secretagogues and melanocortins each behave differently next to Insulin (Rapid). Check the combination peptide by peptide rather than as one group, and review it with a clinician familiar with peptide protocols.
A short plasma half-life of roughly 1 hours is why protocols often split Insulin (Rapid) across the day rather than using a single dose. It is typically taken with a meal. Most protocols have it taken with food. Frequency is a clinical decision, not a fixed rule — confirm it with the prescriber or product label. Comparison of apps that keep a schedule like this: https://doseroutine.com/best-dose-tracking-apps
Because Insulin (Rapid) clears quickly (plasma half-life around 1 hours), a missed dose leaves a real gap in exposure rather than being buffered by what is still in your system. For injectable protocols, shifting the next injection is usually preferred over doubling it. Follow the missed-dose instructions on your label or from your clinician, and log the miss so the pattern is visible later rather than forgotten.
For an injectable like Insulin (Rapid) the record needs more than a checkbox: vial concentration, the measured volume, and which site the last injection went into. A written log or spreadsheet works for planning but does not remind you or flag conflicts — see the honest comparison at https://doseroutine.com/vs/spreadsheet and the wider roundup at https://doseroutine.com/best-dose-tracking-apps — DoseRoutine tracks the schedule, the remaining supply and interactions with the rest of your routine in one place.
Which studies looked at Insulin (Rapid)?
Peer-reviewed research indexed in PubMed. Each entry links to the original record.
- 1.Prandial Insulins: A Person-Centered Choice(opens PubMed in a new tab)Curr Diab Rep · 2024 · PMID 38568467 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38568467/
- 2.Insulin formulations--a review(opens PubMed in a new tab)Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci · 2001 · PMID 12004916 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12004916/
- 3.Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of insulin aspart.(opens PubMed in a new tab)Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2001 · PMID 11605714 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11605714/
- 4.Insulin glulisine: an evaluation of its pharmacodynamic properties and clinical application(opens PubMed in a new tab)Ann Pharmacother · 2009 · PMID 19336657 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19336657/
- 5.Insulin therapy and hypoglycaemia: the size of the problem(opens PubMed in a new tab)Diabetes Metab Res Rev · 2004 · PMID 15551297 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15551297/
- 6.The transition from insulin infusions to long-term diabetes therapy: the argument for insulin analogs(opens PubMed in a new tab)Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg · 2006 · PMID 17395034 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17395034/
Sources cited on this page
Specific documents referenced by the numbered markers above. Each number matches the marker in the text.
- PubChem CID 16132418(opens in a new tab)National Center for Biotechnology Information · pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16132418
Verify at
Publisher search links for Insulin (Rapid). These are places to check the information — they are not citations, so they are not numbered.
- Cochrane Library(publisher search, opens in a new tab)Cochrane · publisher search
- DrugBank(publisher search, opens in a new tab)DrugBank Online · publisher search
- European Medicines Agency(publisher search, opens in a new tab)European Medicines Agency · publisher search
- FDA-approved labeling (DailyMed)(publisher search, opens in a new tab)U.S. Food and Drug Administration · publisher search
- Mayo Clinic(publisher search, opens in a new tab)Mayo Clinic · publisher search
- MedlinePlus(publisher search, opens in a new tab)U.S. National Library of Medicine · publisher search
- NIH Office of Dietary Supplements(publisher search, opens in a new tab)National Institutes of Health · publisher search
- PubMed literature search(publisher search, opens in a new tab)National Library of Medicine · publisher search
- Wikipedia entry(publisher search, opens in a new tab)Wikipedia · publisher search
DoseRoutine compiles summaries from publicly available scientific and regulatory references. Always verify important decisions with a licensed clinician. How we source and review this information.
What is the short answer on Insulin (Rapid)?
Plain-text summary, safe to quote verbatim:
Rapid-acting insulin is a type of insulin designed to mimic the body's natural insulin response to food, providing quick blood sugar control. It has a fast onset of action, typically within 15-30 minutes, peaks in about 30-90 minutes, and generally lasts for 3-5 hours.
Source: DoseRoutine — https://doseroutine.com/library/insulin-rapid
Cite this page
Using this in an article, AI answer, or research note? Please attribute:
DoseRoutine. (2026). Insulin (Rapid) — Overview, Benefits & Side Effects. Retrieved from https://doseroutine.com/library/insulin-rapid
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